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Time zone offset from GMT in 15 minute intervals, starting at interval -48 (west) and running up to interval 52 (east). The date/time format used in the Primary Volume Descriptor is denoted as dec-datetime and uses ASCII digits to represent the main parts of the date/time: Little-endian followed by big-endian encoded signed 32-bit integer. Little-endian encoded signed 32-bit integer.īig-endian encoded signed 32-bit integer. Little-endian followed by big-endian encoded unsigned 32-bit integer. Little-endian encoded unsigned 32-bit integer.īig-endian encoded unsigned 32-bit integer. Little-endian followed by big-endian encoded signed 16-bit integer. Little-endian encoded signed 16-bit integer.īig-endian encoded signed 16-bit integer. Little-endian followed by big-endian encoded unsigned 16-bit integer. Little-endian encoded unsigned 16-bit integer.īig-endian encoded unsigned 16-bit integer. Where a both-endian format is present, the x86 architecture makes use of the first little-endian sequence and ignores the big-endian sequence. For this reason, 32-bit LBA's often appear as 8 byte fields. Both-endian (LSB-MSB) fields are therefore twice as wide. The ISO 9660 standard specifies three ways to encode 16 and 32-bit integers, using either little-endian (least-significant byte first), big-endian (most-significant byte first), or a combination of both (little-endian followed by big-endian). Although the specification allows for alternative sector sizes, you will rarely find anything other than 2 KiB.Īnother quirk of the system is that it has several numbering formats and multi-byte numbers are often represented in both-endian format. Linux's VFS displays lower case filenames to the user despite the CD contents actually containing upper case characters.Īn ISO 9660 sector is normally 2 KiB long. Many operating systems also allow lower case letters and other characters. Further there is a semicolon which separates the visible file name from its version number suffix. Strictly, filenames may only consist of uppercase letters A-Z, digits,ĭots, and underscores. It seems that some operating systems also create non-compliant CDs, so beware! The main example of this is the character set that is available for file names. ISO 9660 is not a complex file system, but has a few quirks that are worth remembering.